This builds on the checksum-reading patch and adds the ability to
create and/or update the .rsyncsums files using extended mode args to
the --sumfiles=MODE option and the "checksum files = MODE" daemon
parameter.

CAUTION:  This patch is only lightly tested.  If you're interested
in using it, please help out.

To use this patch, run these commands for a successful build:

    patch -p1 <patches/checksum-reading.diff
    patch -p1 <patches/checksum-updating.diff
    ./configure                               (optional if already run)
    make

TODO:

 - Fix the code that removes .rsyncsums files when a dir becomes empty.

based-on: patch/b3.0.x/checksum-reading
diff --git a/flist.c b/flist.c
--- a/flist.c
+++ b/flist.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "io.h"
 
 extern int verbose;
+extern int dry_run;
 extern int am_root;
 extern int am_server;
 extern int am_daemon;
@@ -94,6 +95,9 @@ extern iconv_t ic_send, ic_recv;
 
 #define PTR_SIZE (sizeof (struct file_struct *))
 
+#define FLAG_SUM_MISSING (1<<1) /* F_SUM() data is undefined */
+#define FLAG_SUM_KEEP (1<<2) /* keep entry when rewriting */
+
 int io_error;
 int checksum_len;
 dev_t filesystem_dev; /* used to implement -x */
@@ -133,8 +137,13 @@ static char empty_sum[MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
 static int flist_count_offset; /* for --delete --progress */
 static int dir_count = 0;
 
+#define REGULAR_SKIPPED(flist) ((flist)->to_redo)
+
 static struct csum_cache {
 	struct file_list *flist;
+	const char *dirname;
+	int checksum_matches;
+	int checksum_updates;
 } *csum_cache = NULL;
 
 static void flist_sort_and_clean(struct file_list *flist, int flags);
@@ -351,7 +360,79 @@ static void flist_done_allocating(struct file_list *flist)
 		flist->pool_boundary = ptr;
 }
 
-void reset_checksum_cache()
+static void checksum_filename(int slot, const char *dirname, char *fbuf)
+{
+	if (dirname && *dirname) {
+		unsigned int len;
+		if (slot) {
+			len = strlcpy(fbuf, basis_dir[slot-1], MAXPATHLEN);
+			if (len >= MAXPATHLEN)
+				return;
+		} else
+			len = 0;
+		if (pathjoin(fbuf+len, MAXPATHLEN-len, dirname, RSYNCSUMS_FILE) >= MAXPATHLEN-len)
+			return;
+	} else
+		strlcpy(fbuf, RSYNCSUMS_FILE, MAXPATHLEN);
+}
+
+static void write_checksums(int slot, struct file_list *flist, int whole_dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	FILE *out_fp;
+	char fbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
+	int new_entries = csum_cache[slot].checksum_updates != 0;
+	int counts_match = flist->used == csum_cache[slot].checksum_matches;
+	int no_skipped = whole_dir && REGULAR_SKIPPED(flist) == 0;
+	const char *dirname = csum_cache[slot].dirname;
+
+	flist_sort_and_clean(flist, 0);
+
+	if (dry_run && !(checksum_files & CSF_AFFECT_DRYRUN))
+		return;
+
+	checksum_filename(slot, dirname, fbuf);
+
+	if (flist->high - flist->low < 0 && no_skipped) {
+		unlink(fbuf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!new_entries && (counts_match || !whole_dir))
+		return;
+
+	if (!(out_fp = fopen(fbuf, "w")))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = flist->low; i <= flist->high; i++) {
+		struct file_struct *file = flist->sorted[i];
+		const char *cp = F_SUM(file);
+		const char *end = cp + checksum_len;
+		const char *alt_sum = file->basename + strlen(file->basename) + 1;
+		if (whole_dir && !(file->flags & FLAG_SUM_KEEP))
+			continue;
+		if (protocol_version >= 30)
+			fprintf(out_fp, "%s ", alt_sum);
+		if (file->flags & FLAG_SUM_MISSING) {
+			do {
+				fputs("==", out_fp);
+			} while (++cp != end);
+		} else {
+			do {
+				fprintf(out_fp, "%02x", (int)CVAL(cp, 0));
+			} while (++cp != end);
+		}
+		if (protocol_version < 30)
+			fprintf(out_fp, " %s", alt_sum);
+		fprintf(out_fp, " %10.0f %10.0f %10lu %10lu %s\n",
+			(double)F_LENGTH(file), (double)file->modtime,
+			(long)F_CTIME(file), (long)F_INODE(file), file->basename);
+	}
+
+	fclose(out_fp);
+}
+
+void reset_checksum_cache(int whole_dir)
 {
 	int slot, slots = am_sender ? 1 : basis_dir_cnt + 1;
 
@@ -365,6 +446,9 @@ void reset_checksum_cache()
 		struct file_list *flist = csum_cache[slot].flist;
 
 		if (flist) {
+			if (checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE && flist->next)
+				write_checksums(slot, flist, whole_dir);
+
 			/* Reset the pool memory and empty the file-list array. */
 			pool_free_old(flist->file_pool,
 				      pool_boundary(flist->file_pool, 0));
@@ -375,6 +459,10 @@ void reset_checksum_cache()
 		flist->low = 0;
 		flist->high = -1;
 		flist->next = NULL;
+
+		csum_cache[slot].checksum_matches = 0;
+		csum_cache[slot].checksum_updates = 0;
+		REGULAR_SKIPPED(flist) = 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -382,7 +470,7 @@ void reset_checksum_cache()
 static int add_checksum(struct file_list *flist, const char *dirname,
 			const char *basename, int basename_len, OFF_T file_length,
 			time_t mtime, uint32 ctime, uint32 inode,
-			const char *sum)
+			const char *sum, const char *alt_sum, int flags)
 {
 	struct file_struct *file;
 	int alloc_len, extra_len;
@@ -399,7 +487,7 @@ static int add_checksum(struct file_list *flist, const char *dirname,
 	if (extra_len & (EXTRA_ROUNDING * EXTRA_LEN))
 		extra_len = (extra_len | (EXTRA_ROUNDING * EXTRA_LEN)) + EXTRA_LEN;
 #endif
-	alloc_len = FILE_STRUCT_LEN + extra_len + basename_len;
+	alloc_len = FILE_STRUCT_LEN + extra_len + basename_len + checksum_len*2 + 1;
 	bp = pool_alloc(flist->file_pool, alloc_len, "add_checksum");
 
 	memset(bp, 0, extra_len + FILE_STRUCT_LEN);
@@ -408,7 +496,14 @@ static int add_checksum(struct file_list *flist, const char *dirname,
 	bp += FILE_STRUCT_LEN;
 
 	memcpy(bp, basename, basename_len);
+	if (alt_sum)
+		strlcpy(bp+basename_len, alt_sum, checksum_len*2 + 1);
+	else {
+		memset(bp+basename_len, '=', checksum_len*2);
+		bp[basename_len+checksum_len*2] = '\0';
+	}
 
+	file->flags = flags;
 	file->mode = S_IFREG;
 	file->modtime = mtime;
 	file->len32 = (uint32)file_length;
@@ -437,10 +532,11 @@ static void read_checksums(int slot, struct file_list *flist, const char *dirnam
 	char line[MAXPATHLEN+1024], fbuf[MAXPATHLEN], sum[MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
 	FILE *fp;
 	char *cp;
-	int len, i;
 	time_t mtime;
+	int len, i, flags;
 	OFF_T file_length;
 	uint32 ctime, inode;
+	const char *alt_sum = NULL;
 	int dlen = dirname ? strlcpy(fbuf, dirname, sizeof fbuf) : 0;
 
 	if (dlen >= (int)(sizeof fbuf - 1 - RSYNCSUMS_LEN))
@@ -461,7 +557,7 @@ static void read_checksums(int slot, struct file_list *flist, const char *dirnam
 	while (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp)) {
 		cp = line;
 		if (protocol_version >= 30) {
-			char *alt_sum = cp;
+			alt_sum = cp;
 			if (*cp == '=')
 				while (*++cp == '=') {}
 			else
@@ -472,7 +568,14 @@ static void read_checksums(int slot, struct file_list *flist, const char *dirnam
 		}
 
 		if (*cp == '=') {
-			continue;
+			for (i = 0; i < checksum_len*2; i++, cp++) {
+				if (*cp != '=') {
+					cp = "";
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			memset(sum, 0, checksum_len);
+			flags = FLAG_SUM_MISSING;
 		} else {
 			for (i = 0; i < checksum_len*2; i++, cp++) {
 				int x;
@@ -490,13 +593,14 @@ static void read_checksums(int slot, struct file_list *flist, const char *dirnam
 				else
 					sum[i/2] = x << 4;
 			}
+			flags = 0;
 		}
 		if (*cp != ' ')
 			break;
 		while (*++cp == ' ') {}
 
 		if (protocol_version < 30) {
-			char *alt_sum = cp;
+			alt_sum = cp;
 			if (*cp == '=')
 				while (*++cp == '=') {}
 			else
@@ -546,24 +650,112 @@ static void read_checksums(int slot, struct file_list *flist, const char *dirnam
 			continue;
 
 		strlcpy(fbuf+dlen, cp, sizeof fbuf - dlen);
+		if (is_excluded(fbuf, 0, ALL_FILTERS)) {
+			flags |= FLAG_SUM_KEEP;
+			csum_cache[slot].checksum_matches++;
+		}
 
 		add_checksum(flist, dirname, cp, len, file_length,
 			     mtime, ctime, inode,
-			     sum);
+			     sum, alt_sum, flags);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
 
 	flist_sort_and_clean(flist, CLEAN_KEEP_LAST);
 }
 
+void set_cached_checksum(struct file_list *file_flist, struct file_struct *file)
+{
+	int j;
+	FILE *out_fp;
+	STRUCT_STAT st;
+	char fbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
+	const char *fn = f_name(file, NULL);
+	struct file_list *flist = csum_cache[0].flist;
+
+	if (dry_run && !(checksum_files & CSF_AFFECT_DRYRUN))
+		return;
+
+	if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
+		return;
+
+	checksum_filename(0, file->dirname, fbuf);
+
+	if (file_flist != flist->next) {
+		const char *cp = F_SUM(file);
+		const char *end = cp + checksum_len;
+
+		if (!(out_fp = fopen(fbuf, "a")))
+			return;
+
+		if (protocol_version >= 30) {
+			for (j = 0; j < checksum_len; j++)
+				fputs("==", out_fp);
+			fputc(' ', out_fp);
+		}
+		do {
+			fprintf(out_fp, "%02x", (int)CVAL(cp, 0));
+		} while (++cp != end);
+		if (protocol_version < 30) {
+			fputc(' ', out_fp);
+			for (j = 0; j < checksum_len; j++)
+				fputs("==", out_fp);
+		}
+		fprintf(out_fp, " %10.0f %10.0f %10lu %10lu %s\n",
+			(double)st.st_size, (double)st.st_mtime,
+			(long)(uint32)st.st_ctime, (long)(uint32)st.st_ino,
+			file->basename);
+
+		fclose(out_fp);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ((j = flist_find(flist, file)) >= 0) {
+		struct file_struct *fp = flist->sorted[j];
+		int inc = 0;
+		if (F_LENGTH(fp) != st.st_size) {
+			fp->len32 = (uint32)st.st_size;
+			if (st.st_size > 0xFFFFFFFFu) {
+				OPT_EXTRA(fp, 0)->unum = (uint32)(st.st_size >> 32);
+				fp->flags |= FLAG_LENGTH64;
+			} else
+				fp->flags &= FLAG_LENGTH64;
+			inc = 1;
+		}
+		if (fp->modtime != st.st_mtime) {
+			fp->modtime = st.st_mtime;
+			inc = 1;
+		}
+		if (F_CTIME(fp) != (uint32)st.st_ctime) {
+			F_CTIME(fp) = (uint32)st.st_ctime;
+			inc = 1;
+		}
+		if (F_INODE(fp) != (uint32)st.st_ino) {
+			F_INODE(fp) = (uint32)st.st_ino;
+			inc = 1;
+		}
+		memcpy(F_SUM(fp), F_SUM(file), MAX_DIGEST_LEN);
+		csum_cache[0].checksum_updates += inc;
+		fp->flags &= ~FLAG_SUM_MISSING;
+		fp->flags |= FLAG_SUM_KEEP;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	csum_cache[0].checksum_updates +=
+	    add_checksum(flist, file->dirname, file->basename, strlen(file->basename) + 1,
+			 st.st_size, (uint32)st.st_mtime, (uint32)st.st_ctime,
+			 st.st_ino, F_SUM(file), NULL, FLAG_SUM_KEEP);
+}
+
 void get_cached_checksum(int slot, const char *fname, struct file_struct *file,
-			 STRUCT_STAT *stp, char *sum_buf)
+			 int basename_len, STRUCT_STAT *stp, char *sum_buf)
 {
 	struct file_list *flist = csum_cache[slot].flist;
 	int j;
 
 	if (!flist->next) {
 		flist->next = cur_flist; /* next points from checksum flist to file flist */
+		csum_cache[slot].dirname = file->dirname;
 		read_checksums(slot, flist, file->dirname);
 	}
 
@@ -575,12 +767,31 @@ void get_cached_checksum(int slot, const char *fname, struct file_struct *file,
 		 && (checksum_files & CSF_LAX
 		  || (F_CTIME(fp) == (uint32)stp->st_ctime
 		   && F_INODE(fp) == (uint32)stp->st_ino))) {
-			memcpy(sum_buf, F_SUM(fp), MAX_DIGEST_LEN);
+			if (fp->flags & FLAG_SUM_MISSING) {
+				fp->flags &= ~FLAG_SUM_MISSING;
+				csum_cache[slot].checksum_updates++;
+				file_checksum(fname, stp->st_size, sum_buf);
+				memcpy(F_SUM(fp), sum_buf, MAX_DIGEST_LEN);
+			} else {
+				csum_cache[slot].checksum_matches++;
+				memcpy(sum_buf, F_SUM(fp), MAX_DIGEST_LEN);
+			}
+			fp->flags |= FLAG_SUM_KEEP;
 			return;
 		}
+		clear_file(fp);
 	}
 
 	file_checksum(fname, stp->st_size, sum_buf);
+
+	if (checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE) {
+		if (basename_len < 0)
+			basename_len = strlen(file->basename) + 1;
+		csum_cache[slot].checksum_updates +=
+		    add_checksum(flist, file->dirname, file->basename, basename_len,
+				 stp->st_size, stp->st_mtime, (uint32)stp->st_ctime,
+				 (uint32)stp->st_ino, sum_buf, NULL, FLAG_SUM_KEEP);
+	}
 }
 
 /* Call this with EITHER (1) "file, NULL, 0" to chdir() to the file's
@@ -1416,6 +1627,8 @@ struct file_struct *make_file(const char *fname, struct file_list *flist,
 	if (is_excluded(thisname, S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) != 0, filter_level)) {
 		if (ignore_perishable)
 			non_perishable_cnt++;
+		if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			REGULAR_SKIPPED(flist)++;
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -1462,13 +1675,13 @@ struct file_struct *make_file(const char *fname, struct file_list *flist,
 			lastdir[len] = '\0';
 			lastdir_len = len;
 			if (checksum_files && am_sender && flist)
-				reset_checksum_cache();
+				reset_checksum_cache(0);
 		}
 	} else {
 		basename = thisname;
 		if (checksum_files && am_sender && flist && lastdir_len == -2) {
 			lastdir_len = -1;
-			reset_checksum_cache();
+			reset_checksum_cache(0);
 		}
 	}
 	basename_len = strlen(basename) + 1; /* count the '\0' */
@@ -1557,7 +1770,7 @@ struct file_struct *make_file(const char *fname, struct file_list *flist,
 
 	if (always_checksum && am_sender && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 		if (flist && checksum_files)
-			get_cached_checksum(0, thisname, file, &st, tmp_sum);
+			get_cached_checksum(0, thisname, file, basename_len, &st, tmp_sum);
 		else
 			file_checksum(thisname, st.st_size, tmp_sum);
 	}
@@ -1937,6 +2150,9 @@ static void send_directory(int f, struct file_list *flist, char *fbuf, int len,
 
 	closedir(d);
 
+	if (checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE && am_sender && f >= 0)
+		reset_checksum_cache(1);
+
 	if (f >= 0 && recurse && !divert_dirs) {
 		int i, end = flist->used - 1;
 		/* send_if_directory() bumps flist->used, so use "end". */
@@ -2560,6 +2776,9 @@ struct file_list *send_file_list(int f, int argc, char *argv[])
 	} else
 		flist_eof = 1;
 
+	if (checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE && flist_eof)
+		reset_checksum_cache(0); /* writes any last updates */
+
 	return flist;
 }
 
diff --git a/generator.c b/generator.c
--- a/generator.c
+++ b/generator.c
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ static int dir_tweaking;
 static int symlink_timeset_failed_flags;
 static int need_retouch_dir_times;
 static int need_retouch_dir_perms;
+static int started_whole_dir, upcoming_whole_dir;
 static const char *solo_file = NULL;
 
 /* For calling delete_item() and delete_dir_contents(). */
@@ -760,7 +761,7 @@ int unchanged_file(char *fn, struct file_struct *file, STRUCT_STAT *st, int slot
 	if (always_checksum > 0 && S_ISREG(st->st_mode)) {
 		char sum[MAX_DIGEST_LEN];
 		if (checksum_files && slot >= 0)
-			get_cached_checksum(slot, fn, file, st, sum);
+			get_cached_checksum(slot, fn, file, -1, st, sum);
 		else
 			file_checksum(fn, st->st_size, sum);
 		return memcmp(sum, F_SUM(file), checksum_len) == 0;
@@ -1409,7 +1410,8 @@ static void recv_generator(char *fname, struct file_struct *file, int ndx,
 				fuzzy_dirlist = get_dirlist(fnamecmpbuf, -1, GDL_IGNORE_FILTER_RULES);
 			}
 			if (checksum_files) {
-				reset_checksum_cache();
+				reset_checksum_cache(started_whole_dir);
+				started_whole_dir = upcoming_whole_dir;
 			}
 			need_new_dirscan = 0;
 		}
@@ -1571,6 +1573,7 @@ static void recv_generator(char *fname, struct file_struct *file, int ndx,
 			else
 				change_local_filter_dir(fname, strlen(fname), F_DEPTH(file));
 		}
+		upcoming_whole_dir = file->flags & FLAG_CONTENT_DIR && f_out != -1 ? 1 : 0;
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
@@ -1869,6 +1872,8 @@ static void recv_generator(char *fname, struct file_struct *file, int ndx,
 			handle_partial_dir(partialptr, PDIR_DELETE);
 		}
 		set_file_attrs(fname, file, &sx, NULL, maybe_ATTRS_REPORT);
+		if (checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE)
+			set_cached_checksum(cur_flist, file);
 		if (itemizing)
 			itemize(fnamecmp, file, ndx, statret, &sx, 0, 0, NULL);
 #ifdef SUPPORT_HARD_LINKS
@@ -2312,6 +2317,7 @@ void generate_files(int f_out, const char *local_name)
 				} else
 					change_local_filter_dir(fbuf, strlen(fbuf), F_DEPTH(fp));
 			}
+			upcoming_whole_dir = fp->flags & FLAG_CONTENT_DIR ? 1 : 0;
 		}
 		for (i = cur_flist->low; i <= cur_flist->high; i++) {
 			struct file_struct *file = cur_flist->sorted[i];
@@ -2396,6 +2402,9 @@ void generate_files(int f_out, const char *local_name)
 			wait_for_receiver();
 	}
 
+	if (checksum_files)
+		reset_checksum_cache(started_whole_dir);
+
 	do_progress = save_do_progress;
 	if (delete_during == 2)
 		do_delayed_deletions(fbuf);
diff --git a/io.c b/io.c
--- a/io.c
+++ b/io.c
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ extern int read_batch;
 extern int compat_flags;
 extern int protect_args;
 extern int checksum_seed;
+extern int checksum_files;
 extern int protocol_version;
 extern int remove_source_files;
 extern int preserve_hard_links;
@@ -183,6 +184,9 @@ static void got_flist_entry_status(enum festatus status, const char *buf)
 				flist_ndx_push(&hlink_list, ndx);
 				flist->in_progress++;
 			}
+		} else if (checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE) {
+			struct file_struct *file = flist->files[ndx - flist->ndx_start];
+			set_cached_checksum(flist, file);
 		}
 		break;
 	case FES_REDO:
diff --git a/loadparm.c b/loadparm.c
--- a/loadparm.c
+++ b/loadparm.c
@@ -298,6 +298,10 @@ static struct enum_list enum_csum_modes[] = {
 	{ CSF_IGNORE_FILES, "none" },
 	{ CSF_LAX_MODE, "lax" },
 	{ CSF_STRICT_MODE, "strict" },
+	{ CSF_LAX_MODE|CSF_UPDATE, "+lax" },
+	{ CSF_STRICT_MODE|CSF_UPDATE, "+strict" },
+	{ CSF_LAX_MODE|CSF_UPDATE|CSF_AFFECT_DRYRUN, "++lax" },
+	{ CSF_STRICT_MODE|CSF_UPDATE|CSF_AFFECT_DRYRUN, "++strict" },
 	{ -1, NULL }
 };
 
diff --git a/options.c b/options.c
--- a/options.c
+++ b/options.c
@@ -1232,7 +1232,15 @@ int parse_arguments(int *argc_p, const char ***argv_p)
 
 		case OPT_SUMFILES:
 			arg = poptGetOptArg(pc);
-			checksum_files = 0;
+			if (*arg == '+') {
+				arg++;
+				checksum_files = CSF_UPDATE;
+				if (*arg == '+') {
+					arg++;
+					checksum_files |= CSF_AFFECT_DRYRUN;
+				}
+			} else
+				checksum_files = 0;
 			if (strcmp(arg, "lax") == 0)
 				checksum_files |= CSF_LAX_MODE;
 			else if (strcmp(arg, "strict") == 0)
diff --git a/receiver.c b/receiver.c
--- a/receiver.c
+++ b/receiver.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ extern int append_mode;
 extern int sparse_files;
 extern int keep_partial;
 extern int checksum_seed;
+extern int checksum_files;
 extern int inplace;
 extern int delay_updates;
 extern mode_t orig_umask;
@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ static void handle_delayed_updates(char *local_name)
 					"rename failed for %s (from %s)",
 					full_fname(fname), partialptr);
 			} else {
-				if (remove_source_files
+				if (remove_source_files || checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE
 				 || (preserve_hard_links && F_IS_HLINKED(file)))
 					send_msg_int(MSG_SUCCESS, ndx);
 				handle_partial_dir(partialptr, PDIR_DELETE);
@@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ int recv_files(int f_in, char *local_name)
 		case 2:
 			break;
 		case 1:
-			if (remove_source_files || inc_recurse
+			if (remove_source_files || inc_recurse || checksum_files & CSF_UPDATE
 			 || (preserve_hard_links && F_IS_HLINKED(file)))
 				send_msg_int(MSG_SUCCESS, ndx);
 			break;
diff --git a/rsync.h b/rsync.h
--- a/rsync.h
+++ b/rsync.h
@@ -905,6 +905,8 @@ typedef struct {
 
 #define CSF_ENABLE (1<<1)
 #define CSF_LAX (1<<2)
+#define CSF_UPDATE (1<<3)
+#define CSF_AFFECT_DRYRUN (1<<4)
 
 #define CSF_IGNORE_FILES 0
 #define CSF_LAX_MODE (CSF_ENABLE|CSF_LAX)
diff --git a/rsync.yo b/rsync.yo
--- a/rsync.yo
+++ b/rsync.yo
@@ -551,9 +551,13 @@ computed just as it would be if bf(--sumfiles) was not specified.
 
 The MODE value is either "lax", for relaxed checking (which compares size
 and mtime), "strict" (which also compares ctime and inode), or "none" to
-ignore any .rsyncsums files ("none" is the default).  Rsync does not create
-or update these files, but there is a perl script in the support directory
-named "rsyncsums" that can be used for that.
+ignore any .rsyncsums files ("none" is the default).
+If you want rsync to create and/or update these files, specify a prefixed
+plus ("+lax" or "+strict").
+Adding a second prefixed '+' causes the checksum-file updates to happen
+even when the transfer is in bf(--dry-run) mode ("++lax" or "++strict").
+There is also a perl script in the support directory named "rsyncsums"
+that can be used to update the .rsyncsums files.
 
 This option has no effect unless bf(--checksum, -c) was also specified.  It
 also only affects the current side of the transfer, so if you want the
diff --git a/rsyncd.conf.yo b/rsyncd.conf.yo
--- a/rsyncd.conf.yo
+++ b/rsyncd.conf.yo
@@ -284,13 +284,15 @@ The default is tt(/var/run/rsyncd.lock).
 dit(bf(checksum files)) This parameter tells rsync to make use of any cached
 checksum information it finds in per-directory .rsyncsums files when the
 current transfer is using the bf(--checksum) option.  The value can be set
-to either "lax", "strict", or "none" -- see the client's bf(--sumfiles)
-option for what these choices do.
+to either "lax", "strict", "+lax", "+strict", "++lax", "++strict", or
+"none".  See the client's bf(--sumfiles) option for what these choices do.
 
 Note also that the client's command-line option, bf(--sumfiles), has no
 effect on a daemon.  A daemon will only access checksum files if this
-config option tells it to.  See also the bf(exclude) directive for a way
-to hide the .rsyncsums files from the user.
+config option tells it to.  You can configure updating of the .rsyncsums
+files even if the module itself is configured to be read-only.  See also
+the bf(exclude) directive for a way to hide the .rsyncsums files from the
+user.
 
 dit(bf(read only)) This parameter determines whether clients
 will be able to upload files or not. If "read only" is true then any
diff -up a/proto.h b/proto.h
--- a/proto.h
+++ b/proto.h
@@ -83,9 +83,10 @@ int unmap_file(struct map_struct *map);
 void init_flist(void);
 void show_flist_stats(void);
 int link_stat(const char *path, STRUCT_STAT *stp, int follow_dirlinks);
-void reset_checksum_cache();
+void reset_checksum_cache(int whole_dir);
+void set_cached_checksum(struct file_list *file_flist, struct file_struct *file);
 void get_cached_checksum(int slot, const char *fname, struct file_struct *file,
-			 STRUCT_STAT *stp, char *sum_buf);
+			 int basename_len, STRUCT_STAT *stp, char *sum_buf);
 int change_pathname(struct file_struct *file, const char *dir, int dirlen);
 struct file_struct *make_file(const char *fname, struct file_list *flist,
 			      STRUCT_STAT *stp, int flags, int filter_level);
diff -up a/rsync.1 b/rsync.1
--- a/rsync.1
+++ b/rsync.1
@@ -642,9 +642,13 @@ computed just as it would be if \fB\-\-s
 .IP 
 The MODE value is either \(dq\&lax\(dq\&, for relaxed checking (which compares size
 and mtime), \(dq\&strict\(dq\& (which also compares ctime and inode), or \(dq\&none\(dq\& to
-ignore any .rsyncsums files (\(dq\&none\(dq\& is the default).  Rsync does not create
-or update these files, but there is a perl script in the support directory
-named \(dq\&rsyncsums\(dq\& that can be used for that.
+ignore any .rsyncsums files (\(dq\&none\(dq\& is the default).
+If you want rsync to create and/or update these files, specify a prefixed
+plus (\(dq\&+lax\(dq\& or \(dq\&+strict\(dq\&).
+Adding a second prefixed \(cq\&+\(cq\& causes the checksum\-file updates to happen
+even when the transfer is in \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP mode (\(dq\&++lax\(dq\& or \(dq\&++strict\(dq\&).
+There is also a perl script in the support directory named \(dq\&rsyncsums\(dq\&
+that can be used to update the .rsyncsums files.
 .IP 
 This option has no effect unless \fB\-\-checksum, \-c\fP was also specified.  It
 also only affects the current side of the transfer, so if you want the
diff -up a/rsyncd.conf.5 b/rsyncd.conf.5
--- a/rsyncd.conf.5
+++ b/rsyncd.conf.5
@@ -321,13 +321,15 @@ The default is \f(CW/var/run/rsyncd.lock
 This parameter tells rsync to make use of any cached
 checksum information it finds in per\-directory .rsyncsums files when the
 current transfer is using the \fB\-\-checksum\fP option.  The value can be set
-to either \(dq\&lax\(dq\&, \(dq\&strict\(dq\&, or \(dq\&none\(dq\& \-\- see the client\(cq\&s \fB\-\-sumfiles\fP
-option for what these choices do.
+to either \(dq\&lax\(dq\&, \(dq\&strict\(dq\&, \(dq\&+lax\(dq\&, \(dq\&+strict\(dq\&, \(dq\&++lax\(dq\&, \(dq\&++strict\(dq\&, or
+\(dq\&none\(dq\&.  See the client\(cq\&s \fB\-\-sumfiles\fP option for what these choices do.
 .IP 
 Note also that the client\(cq\&s command\-line option, \fB\-\-sumfiles\fP, has no
 effect on a daemon.  A daemon will only access checksum files if this
-config option tells it to.  See also the \fBexclude\fP directive for a way
-to hide the .rsyncsums files from the user.
+config option tells it to.  You can configure updating of the .rsyncsums
+files even if the module itself is configured to be read\-only.  See also
+the \fBexclude\fP directive for a way to hide the .rsyncsums files from the
+user.
 .IP 
 .IP "\fBread only\fP"
 This parameter determines whether clients
